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Cat Constipation: Identifying the Underlying Causes

Mar 24,2025 | puaintapets

Constipation is a common digestive issue in cats that can lead to discomfort and serious health problems if left untreated. Understanding what causes constipation in cats can help pet owners take preventive measures and ensure their feline friends maintain a healthy digestive system.

Signs of Constipation in Cats

The signs of constipation in cats can be observed through their behavior and physical condition. Here are some common signs to look out for:

Behavioral Signs

Frequent Visits: Cats with constipation may visit the litter box more often than usual, indicating a sense of urgency to defecate.
Straining and Crying: They may strain or cry while trying to pass stool, which can be a sign of pain or discomfort.
Avoiding the Litter Box: Some constipated cats may avoid the litter box altogether due to the discomfort associated with defecation.
Decreased Activity: Constipation can cause abdominal pain and discomfort, leading to decreased energy and activity levels.
Reduced Interaction: Cats may become less interested in interacting with their owners or other pets when they are constipated.

Physical Signs

Hard, Dry Stools: Constipated cats may produce small, hard, and dry feces that are difficult to pass.
No Stool Production: In severe cases, cats may not be able to produce any stool at all.
Vomiting: The presence of excessive feces in the digestive tract can cause nausea and vomiting.
Decreased Appetite: Constipation can lead to a loss of appetite as cats may feel nauseous or uncomfortable.
Abdominal Pain: Cats may show signs of abdominal pain, such as restlessness or a hunched posture.
Weight Loss: Prolonged constipation can result in weight loss due to a lack of appetite and nutrient absorption.

If you notice any of these signs in your cat, it is important to consult a veterinarian for a proper diagnosis and treatment.

Signs of Constipation in Cat

Common Causes of Constipation in Cats

I. Dietary Factors

Low - Fiber Diet

Cats are obligate carnivores, but they still need some fiber for proper digestion. A diet lacking in fiber can lead to slow - moving stools. Many commercial cat foods that are high in meat content and low in plant - based ingredients may not provide enough fiber. For example, a diet mainly consisting of processed meat - only cat food without added fiber sources like cellulose or psyllium husk can cause the stool to harden and become difficult to pass.

Dehydration through Diet

Dry cat food, or kibble, has a low moisture content. If cats do not drink enough water to compensate for the lack of moisture in their diet, they can become dehydrated. This dehydration can lead to hardening of the feces, making it more difficult to pass through the intestines. Some cats may be picky drinkers, and relying solely on dry food can be a risk factor for constipation.

II. Lack of Exercise

Cats are natural hunters and are meant to be active. However, many indoor cats lead a sedentary lifestyle. Lack of physical activity can slow down the digestive process. When a cat doesn't move around enough, the muscles in the intestines don't contract as effectively, which can result in stool moving more slowly through the digestive tract. For instance, a cat that spends most of its day sleeping and has no access to toys or climbing structures is at a higher risk of developing constipation.

III. Hairballs

Cats groom themselves frequently, and during this process, they ingest a significant amount of hair. This hair can accumulate in the stomach and form hairballs. If the hairballs are large enough or move into the intestines, they can cause an obstruction. This obstruction can prevent the normal passage of feces, leading to constipation. Some long - haired cat breeds, such as Maine Coons and Persian cats, are particularly prone to hairball - related constipation.

Related: Decoding Cat Hairballs

IV. Medical Conditions

Neurological Disorders

Certain neurological problems can affect the nerves that control the muscles in the intestines. For example, if there is damage to the spinal cord or nerve damage due to an injury or a disease like feline diabetes neuropathy, the normal peristaltic movements of the intestines may be disrupted. This can lead to slow - moving or stalled fecal matter, resulting in constipation.

Metabolic Disorders

Hyperthyroidism, a common metabolic disorder in cats, can also cause constipation. In hyperthyroid cats, the increased thyroid hormone levels can affect the overall metabolism, including the digestive system. The body may not be able to process food and waste as efficiently, leading to changes in bowel movements and potentially constipation.

Rectal or Anal Problems

Issues such as anal gland blockage or rectal tumors can physically impede the passage of feces. Anal gland blockages can cause swelling and pain around the anus, making it difficult for the cat to defecate. Rectal tumors can narrow the passage through which feces must pass, causing constipation.

How to Relieve Constipation in Cats

Increase Water Intake

Ensure your cat stays hydrated by providing fresh water daily. Using a cat water fountain can encourage drinking. Wet food is also an excellent way to add moisture to their diet.

Adjust Their Diet

Feeding a fiber-rich diet can help promote regular bowel movements. Adding pumpkin, psyllium husk, or specialized cat food designed for digestive health may be beneficial.

Regular Exercise

Encouraging your cat to play and move around helps improve digestion and prevent constipation. Interactive toys and climbing structures can keep your cat active.

Grooming and Hairball Control

For long-haired cats, regular brushing can help reduce hair ingestion. Hairball control treats or supplements can also assist in preventing blockages.

Use Digestive Supplements

Supporting your cat’s overall health with high-quality supplements can aid digestion. Although designed for dogs, Krill Salmon Oil Skin and Coat Health contains essential Omega-3 fatty acids that support skin health, reduce inflammation, and improve overall well-being. A healthy digestive system contributes to better stool consistency and regular bowel movements. Try it today at this link!

Krill Salmon Oil Skin and Coat Health

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How to Prevent Constipation in Cats

Here are some ways to prevent constipation in cats:

Dietary Management

High Fiber Diet: Feeding a diet with an appropriate amount of fiber can help regulate bowel movements. Canned pumpkin or psyllium husk can be added to their food.
Wet Food: Feeding wet food can increase a cat's water intake, which helps keep the feces soft and easier to pass.
Probiotics: Probiotics can help maintain a healthy gut flora, which is beneficial for digestion.

Hydration

Fresh Water: Ensure your cat has access to fresh water at all times. Consider using a water fountain to encourage drinking.
Wet Food: As mentioned above, wet food can contribute to a cat's overall water intake.

Litter Box Management

Cleanliness: Keep the litter box clean and in a quiet location. Cats are more likely to use a clean litter box.
Litter Type: Choose a litter that your cat prefers. Some cats may not like certain types of litter, which can lead to litter box aversion.

Exercise and Enrichment

Playtime: Encourage your cat to be more active with toys and playtime. Exercise can help promote normal movement of the intestines.
Environmental Enrichment: Provide a stimulating environment with cat trees, scratching posts, and window perches to keep your cat active.

Stress Reduction

Routine: Maintain a consistent routine for your cat to reduce stress.
Calming Aids: Consider using calming pheromones or supplements to help reduce anxiety.

Grooming

Hairballs: For long-haired cats, regular grooming can prevent hair ingestion, which can lead to constipation.
Hairball Remedies: Hairball remedies or diets can also be used to help prevent hairballs.

Health Monitoring

Regular Vet Check-ups: Regular veterinary check-ups can help detect and prevent underlying health issues that may lead to constipation.
Medication Management: If your cat is on medications that may cause constipation, discuss with your vet how to manage this side effect.

FAQs

Can I give my cat laxatives if it's constipated?

You should never give your cat human laxatives without consulting a veterinarian first. There are cat - specific laxatives available, but only a vet can determine the appropriate treatment based on your cat's condition.

How can I tell if my cat is constipated?

Signs of constipation in cats include straining to defecate, producing small, hard stools, or not defecating at all for several days. Your cat may also seem uncomfortable, may have a loss of appetite, or may be more lethargic.

How often should a cat poop?

Most cats should have a bowel movement once a day. If your cat hasn’t pooped in over 48 hours, it may be constipated.

Can I give my cat olive oil for constipation?

Yes, a small amount of olive oil can act as a mild laxative. However, consult your vet before introducing any new remedies.

Conclusion

Cat constipation is a complex issue with multiple underlying causes. Dietary factors like low - fiber diets and dehydration play a significant role. Lack of exercise, common in indoor cats, slows down the digestive process. Hairballs, especially in long - haired breeds, can cause obstructions. Medical conditions such as neurological disorders, metabolic problems, and rectal/anal issues also contribute. Identifying the root cause is crucial for effective treatment. A thorough understanding of these causes enables cat owners and veterinarians to take appropriate preventive measures, improve the cat's quality of life, and ensure proper digestive health for our feline friends.