What Causes Hot Spots on Dogs

Hot spots, also known as acute moist dermatitis, are a common and painful skin condition in dogs. These inflamed and infected areas of skin can develop rapidly and cause significant discomfort for your pet. Understanding what causes hot spots on dogs is essential for effective prevention and treatment.

What are Common Symptoms of Hot Spots in Dogs?

Redness of the skin

The skin in the area of the hot spot may appear visibly red.

Heat in the skin

The hot spot area may feel hotter than the surrounding skin when touched.

Itching or discomfort

Dogs may exhibit itching or discomfort by scratching or rubbing the hot spot area frequently.

Skin damage

In severe cases, hot spots may cause the skin to break down, erupt, or form pustules.

Also Read: Dark Spots on Dogs Skin

These symptoms are usually caused by your dog's skin being sensitive to heat and humidity, or by an allergic reaction. If your dog is experiencing these symptoms, take prompt action to help cool him or her down and consult your veterinarian for advice on appropriate treatment.

What Causes Hot Spots on Dogs?

Hot spots in dogs are usually a skin condition caused by summer heat and humidity, a condition that is more common in warmer and more humid climates. Hot spots may be caused by damage to the skin that results in increased sensitivity to heat, leading to redness, swelling and heat. Additionally, dogs with skin that has been wet for a long period of time are also prone to hot spots. In hot environments, a dog's ability to dissipate heat is reduced and the skin is susceptible to heat damage, which can lead to hot spots. The production of hot spots is mainly related to the following factors.

• Skin Infections

Bacterial and fungal infections can lead to the development of hot spots. When a dog’s skin is already irritated or broken, bacteria or fungi can easily invade the area, exacerbating the problem.

• Excessive Licking or Chewing

Dogs may excessively lick or chew certain areas of their body due to stress, boredom, or anxiety. This repetitive behavior can irritate the skin and create a hot spot. In some cases, the underlying cause may be psychological, requiring both physical and behavioral treatment.

• Poor Grooming

Poor grooming habits can contribute to the development of hot spots. Matted fur can trap moisture against the skin, creating an ideal environment for bacteria and fungi to thrive. Dogs with thick or long coats are particularly at risk if not regularly groomed.

• Underlying Medical Conditions

Certain medical conditions, such as hormonal imbalances (e.g., hypothyroidism or Cushing's disease) or skin disorders, can predispose dogs to developing hot spots. These conditions may weaken the skin's natural barrier, making it more susceptible to irritation and infection.

• Seasonal Changes

Warm and humid weather conditions can increase the likelihood of hot spots. During the summer months, dogs are more prone to developing skin issues due to increased moisture and heat, which can create a breeding ground for bacteria.

• High temperature environment

In a high temperature or high humidity environment, the dog's ability to dissipate heat decreases and heat accumulates in the body, leading to an imbalance in thermoregulation. 

• Lack of moisture

Dogs will dissipate heat by increasing their respiratory rate in high temperatures, and the efficiency of heat dissipation will be reduced if they are not adequately hydrated. 

• Lack of ventilation

In an enclosed or poorly ventilated environment, heat cannot be dissipated effectively, increasing the risk of hot spots.

• Excessive exercise

Strenuous exercise in high temperatures generates a lot of heat, and without proper rest and heat dissipation measures, dogs are prone to heat stroke. 

• Breed Factors

Certain breeds of dogs, such as the short-nosed dog, are more prone to hot spots due to their anatomical structure and poorer ability to dissipate heat. 

• Obesity

Obese dogs have a thicker layer of body fat, which is not conducive to heat dissipation and increases the risk of heat stroke.

Also Read: How to Help Dog Lose Weight

 In order to prevent hot spots in dogs, you should ensure that your dog has sufficient water in hot weather, avoid prolonged activities under the hot sun, provide a cool and ventilated resting place, and pay attention to your dog's weight management. If your dog shows signs of hot spots, such as excessive panting, elevated body temperature and abnormal behavior, take immediate cooling measures and contact your veterinarian as soon as possible. 

What First Aid Measures Should Take When Dog Develops Hot Spots?

Here are some first aid measures you can take when your dog develops hot spots.

• Stay Calm

First of all, you need to stay calm so that you can help your pet effectively.

• Move to a cooler place

Quickly move your dog to a cool and ventilated area away from direct sunlight.

• Check for symptoms

Observe your dog for other symptoms of heat stroke, such as shortness of breath, excessive sweating, and rapid heartbeat.

• Cooling Measures

Use cold water to moisten the dog's skin, especially the hot spot area, you can use a wet towel to gently wipe it, but do not use ice cubes to apply cold compresses directly, as it may cause skin damage.

• Hydration

If the dog is conscious and willing to drink, you can offer it a small amount of water, but do not let it drink too much at once.

• Avoid forced cooling

During the cooling process, avoid a sudden drop in your dog's body temperature, and do not use a hair dryer or immerse your dog in water that is too cold.

• Seek timely medical attention

Even if your dog's symptoms subside, contact your veterinarian for a checkup as soon as possible to make sure there are no other underlying health issues.

Keep in mind that these first aid measures are temporary, and your dog's hot spots may be a symptom of a more serious health issue, so prompt veterinary care is crucial. It is important to be careful when dealing with your dog's hot spots to avoid causing further discomfort.

How to Treat Hot Spots in Dogs?

The treatment of hot spots in dogs usually involves the following steps.

• Clean the affected area

Clean the hot spot area with a mild antibacterial lotion to remove dirt and discharge.

• Apply an ointment or spray

Depending on your veterinarian's recommendations, an ointment or spray containing corticosteroids or antifungal ingredients may be necessary to reduce inflammation and promote healing.

• Antibiotic treatment

If the hot spot is infected with bacteria, topical or oral antibiotic treatment may be needed.

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• Avoiding further irritation

Make sure your dog's resting environment is cool and avoid further friction or pressure on the hot spot area.

• Preventing Licking

To prevent your dog from licking or scratching the hot spot, you may need to use an Elizabethan collar (e-collar) or an inflatable collar. This will allow the area to heal without further irritation.

• Regular checkups

Closely monitor changes in the hot spot and follow up with treatment as directed by your veterinarian.

• Adjust diet and hydration

Ensure that your dog is consuming enough water and nutrients to support his overall health and skin recovery.

Please note that the above information is based on general treatments, and a specific treatment plan should be developed by your veterinarian based on your dog's specific condition. During the course of treatment, your veterinarian's professional guidance should be followed and timely reviews should be conducted to assess the effectiveness of treatment. 

How to Bathe Dog Correctly to Prevent Hot Spots?

In order to prevent your dog from developing hot spots, it is crucial that you bathe them correctly. 

• Choose the right water temperature

The temperature of the bathing water should not be too hot to avoid irritating your dog's sensitive skin. Use gentle shampoo products: Choose shampoos designed for dogs and avoid human products as they may contain ingredients that are harmful to your dog's skin.

• Use mild shampoo products

Choose shampoos designed for dogs and avoid human products as they may contain ingredients that are harmful to your dog's skin. Massage the shampoo gently, but don't rub hard enough to irritate the skin. 

• Rinse thoroughly

Make sure you rinse the shampoo thoroughly; residual shampoo products may cause skin irritation. Pay special attention to areas such as the armpits and groin to make sure they are rinsed as well. 

• Toweling and blow-drying

After bathing, use a towel to dry your dog's body, especially if it is a long-haired dog, and dry it gently, avoiding hard rubbing. When using a hair dryer, choose a cooler setting to avoid irritating sensitive skin. 

• Avoid direct sunlight

Do not expose your dog to direct sunlight immediately after bathing to avoid skin damage. Choose to let your dog air dry or blow dry naturally indoors or in the shade. 

• Bathe regularly

Depending on your dog's activity level and skin condition, bathe them regularly to keep their skin clean and healthy. During the summer months, bathing frequency can be increased due to warmer temperatures, but avoid over-bathing. 

By following these steps, you can effectively prevent your dog from developing hot spots and other summer skin conditions. Remember to always focus on your dog's comfort during the bathing process and provide a warm, dry environment afterward.

How To Prevent Hot Spotting In Dogs?

To prevent your dog from developing hot spots, you can take the following steps.

Keep the skin dry

Ensure that your dog's skin stays dry and avoid prolonged periods of time in a humid environment, as a wet environment aids in the growth of fungi and bacteria, which can lead to the development of hot spots.

Trim the hair properly

Properly trimming your dog's coat, especially during the hot season, can help the skin dissipate heat better, but do not shave your dog's coat as it provides some protection from the sun.

Provide a shady environment

Make sure your dog has a cool, well-ventilated resting area to avoid direct exposure to the sun.

Avoid going outside in the heat

Avoid taking your dog outside during hot periods and choose to spend time outdoors in the early morning or cooler evening hours.

Stay hydrated

Make sure your dog has access to fresh water at all times to help regulate his body temperature and keep him hydrated.

Regular Bathing

Bathe your dog regularly, using a gentle shampoo that is appropriate for his skin type, and make sure he is thoroughly blow-dried after bathing.

Pay Attention to Diet

Provide a balanced diet to help your dog maintain healthy skin and immune system.

Sun Protection Measures

When outdoors, you can apply a pet-friendly sunscreen for your dog, especially for areas of exposed skin.

By taking the above measures, you can effectively minimize your dog's risk of developing hot spots and keep his skin healthy. If you notice signs of hot spots in your dog, you should take prompt steps to treat them and consult your veterinarian for advice.

FAQs

Why are Brachycephalic Breeds Dogs More Susceptible to Hot Spots?

The reason brachycephalic breeds dogs are more susceptible to hot spots has to do with their unique anatomy. brachycephalic breeds dogs (brachycephalic breeds), such as pugs, English bulldogs, and French bulldogs, have shorter nasal passages and upper airways, which results in their ability to dissipate heat less effectively. In hot environments, brachycephalic breeds cannot dissipate heat through their tongues as efficiently as other breeds and are therefore more prone to thermoregulatory difficulties, which increases the risk of hot spots and other heat-related illnesses. 

Hot spots are usually due to the skin's reaction to heat and may manifest as redness or inflammation of the skin. Due to their breathing difficulties, brachycephalic breeds dogs are more prone to heat stroke in high temperatures, which can further lead to skin problems such as hot spots. Additionally, brachycephalic breeds dogs have more skin folds, which can also lead to skin problems, such as dermatitis, which may worsen in high temperatures. 

Therefore, to prevent hot spots and other heat-related illnesses, owners of brachycephalic breeds dogs should take special care to provide their dogs with a cool environment during hot weather, avoid going outside during hot periods, and ensure that their dogs are well hydrated and in the shade. Regular cleaning of the skin folds to minimize the risk of skin infections is also an important preventative measure. 

Will Hot Spots in Dogs Heal On Their Own?

Whether hot spots in dogs heal on their own depends on the severity of the hot spot and the overall health of the dog. Minor skin problems, such as mild allergic reactions or small scratches, may heal naturally with proper care. However, in most cases, skin conditions require proper treatment to recover. Hot spots in dogs are usually a skin condition caused by summer heat and humidity that manifests itself as red, swollen, hot and itchy skin. This condition usually does not heal on its own and requires specialized veterinary treatment. 

If the symptoms of hot spots in dogs are mild and the dog has a strong immune system, there may be some possibility of self-healing, but this is uncommon. In this case, improving the husbandry environment and keeping the skin dry and tidy may help the symptoms. However, for the sake of your dog's health, it is advisable to consult your veterinarian promptly for proper diagnosis and treatment recommendations. Your veterinarian may recommend antibacterial cleansers, natural ointments, or other treatments to help restore your dog's health.

Do Hot Spots in Dogs Mean Heat Stroke?

The appearance of hot spots in dogs does not necessarily mean that they have suffered from heat stroke, but hot spots are a sign that your dog is overheating. Hot spots are usually caused by direct exposure of your dog's skin to high temperatures, resulting in skin damage and dilated blood vessels. Hot spots can occur because the dog has been exposed to the sun, has been in a hot environment for a long period of time, or because the dog has not been able to dissipate enough heat. Hot spots may appear as red blotches or patches on the skin, sometimes accompanied by itching or discomfort. 

Heat stroke is an emergency situation that occurs when a dog's thermoregulatory mechanisms fail and body heat builds up to dangerous levels. Symptoms of heat stroke include a significant increase in body temperature (usually over 40°C), excessive panting, rapid heartbeat, vomiting, diarrhea, depression, and an unsteady gait.

How to Know if Your Dog Has a Heat Stroke and Not Just Hot Spotting？

The following symptoms can be used to determine if your dog has suffered heatstroke and not just developed hot spots.

Abnormal body temperature: Dogs with body temperatures above the normal range (38-39°C), especially above 40°C, may have suffered heat stroke. If the body temperature reaches 42°C or above, the dog may be in serious life-threatening danger. 

Rapid breathing and heart rate: The dog may appear to be panting excessively, have a rapid heart rate, or even have difficulty breathing. 

Behavioral changes: The dog may appear unusually tired, weak, reluctant to move, or even confused or comatose. 

Changes in mucous membranes: Your dog's gums and oral mucous membranes may become abnormally red or pale, which can be a sign of circulation problems due to heat stroke. 

Vomiting or diarrhea: Dogs may experience vomiting or diarrhea, which may be due to internal organ damage caused by heat stroke. 

Skin changes: In addition to hot spots, your dog's skin may appear flushed, with extensive bleeding spots or hemorrhagic patches. 

Signs of shock: Your dog may show signs of shock, such as lips and mucous membranes turning gray, which is a sign of severe lack of circulation. 

If your dog shows any of these signs of heatstroke, take immediate cooling measures and contact your veterinarian for treatment as soon as possible. While waiting for rescue, you can move your dog to a cool, ventilated area and use cold water to wipe or soak your dog in cold water, but avoid using ice cubes in direct contact with your dog's skin to prevent cold stress.

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Can Dogs That Spend A Lot Of Time Outdoors Be More Likely To Get Hot Spots?

Dogs that spend a lot of time outdoors are at a higher risk of developing hot spots, as they are usually caused by skin damage due to prolonged exposure to high temperatures. Dogs' skin is different from humans in that they have underdeveloped sweat glands and dissipate heat primarily through breathing and the pads of their feet, making them more susceptible to hot spots in hot conditions. Dogs with dark-colored coats, especially dark-coated dogs, appear to be at a higher risk of developing the disease because dark-colored coats absorb more of the sun's heat. Shorthaired dogs may also be at higher risk because their coats offer less protection. Additionally, prolonged exposure to direct sunlight may lead to a buildup of heat, which in turn can cause deep thermal burns, which are particularly common in the summer, especially when the sun is high in the sky (10 a.m. to 4 p.m.). 

To reduce the risk of hot spots in dogs that are outdoors for long periods of time, it is recommended that you avoid outdoor activities for your dog during hot periods or use a protective cooling undershirt to reduce the risk. Also, make sure your dog is well hydrated and resting in the shade, as well as regularly checking the condition of your dog's skin so that hot spots or other related problems can be detected and treated in a timely manner.

Conclusion

Hot spots on dogs can be caused by a variety of factors, including allergies, parasites, and infections. By understanding the common causes and recognizing the symptoms early, you can take steps to prevent and treat hot spots effectively. Regular grooming, a balanced diet, and prompt medical care when needed can help keep your dog’s skin healthy and free from painful hot spots.