Can Cats Be Affected by Herpes

Feline herpesvirus (FHV-1), commonly referred to as cat herpes, is a widespread viral infection among cats. While it’s not contagious to humans or other animals, it can cause significant health issues in felines, especially in young kittens or cats with weak immune systems. In this article, we’ll cover everything you need to know about feline herpes, including how it spreads, its symptoms, treatment options, and prevention strategies.

What Is Feline Herpesvirus (FHV-1)?

Feline herpesvirus is a highly contagious virus that primarily affects a cat's upper respiratory tract and eyes. It’s one of the most common causes of upper respiratory infections (URIs) in cats. Once infected, a cat will carry the virus for life, and it can remain dormant, with occasional flare-ups during stress or illness.

Related:  Cat Herpes: FVR and FHV-1 Symptoms and Treatments

What are the Common Causes of Herpes Virus Infection in Cats?

• Direct contact

Cats become infected with the virus through direct contact with the eye and nose secretions or saliva of a cat infected with the herpes virus.

• Indirect contact

Cats become infected with the virus through contact with the environment, objects or food contaminated with the virus.

• Stress

Cats are susceptible to herpesvirus infection due to decreased immunity when experiencing environmental changes, transport, surgery or other stressful situations.

Also Read: Can Cats Throw Up From Stress​

• Multi-cat environment

In multi-cat homes, catteries or shelters, the virus spreads easily and kittens are more susceptible to infection.

• Unvaccinated

Unvaccinated kittens are more susceptible to the herpes virus.

• Maternal transmission

Pregnant mother cats who are infected with the herpes virus may pass the virus to their foetuses.

• Low immunity

Kittens are susceptible to herpes virus infection when their immune system is not fully developed or when their immunity is lowered due to other diseases.

Once infected, the herpes virus may be carried by the kitten for life and may recur when the immune system is reduced. Therefore, the keys to preventing herpes virus infection are vaccination, maintaining environmental hygiene, reducing stress and avoiding contact with cats infected with the virus.

Symptoms of Feline Herpes

The symptoms of feline herpes can vary from mild to severe. In some cases, infected cats may only show symptoms during flare-ups triggered by stress or illness.

1. Respiratory and Eye Symptoms in General
   • When a cat is infected with FHV - 1, it often presents with acute respiratory and eye problems. Sneezing is one of the most common early signs. The cat may also have nasal discharge, which can range from clear to thick and mucousy.
   • Eye symptoms are also prominent. Conjunctivitis, which is the inflammation of the conjunctiva (the thin membrane that covers the white part of the eye and the inner eyelid), is frequently seen. There can be excessive tearing, and in more severe cases, corneal ulcers may develop.
2. Differences between Kittens and Adult Cats
   • Kittens are more vulnerable to FHV - 1 infection compared to adult cats. Their symptoms are usually more severe. At the onset of the infection, kittens may have a fever, followed by obvious upper respiratory tract infection symptoms. They may experience paroxysmal coughing, continuous sneezing, excessive tearing, and loss of appetite. They may also show signs of depression and significant weight loss.
   • Adult cats, on the other hand, may primarily present with conjunctivitis symptoms. White spots may appear on their eyes, and the cornea may become congested. Oral ulcers can also be a part of the symptoms in adult cats, which can make eating difficult. There may be a continuous flow of sticky and foul - smelling secretions from the mouth. In chronic cases, sinusitis, ulcerative conjunctivitis, and ophthalmia can occur, and in severe cases, blindness can result. The mortality rate in adult cats is around 20% - 30%.

If your cat shows persistent or worsening symptoms, it’s important to seek veterinary care.

How To Treat Herpes Virus Infection In Cats?

There is no cure for feline herpes, but treatments can help manage symptoms and reduce the frequency of flare-ups.

Common Treatments Include:

• Antiviral Medications: Topical or oral antivirals, such as famciclovir, can help control severe outbreaks.
• Nebulisation therapy: it increases the dissolution of secretions and maintains the humidity of the airways.
• Supportive Care: Keeping your cat hydrated, well-fed, and comfortable is essential.
• Eye Drops or Ointments: Medications for conjunctivitis or eye ulcers can alleviate discomfort.

Eye Drops for Dog Allergies and Cats Conjunctivitis

For the treatment of conjunctivitis in cats and dogs, neomycin eye drops for dogs and cats can reduce the harmful effects of conjunctivitis, and early use of the medicine can control the development of the disease and reduce eye congestion and photophobia, and other uncomfortable manifestations.

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• L-Lysine Supplements: This amino acid supplement is believed to reduce viral replication and minimize symptoms.

At-Home Care Tips:

• Use a humidifier to ease breathing for your cat.
• Gently clean nasal or eye discharge with a warm, damp cloth.

How to Prevent Herpes Virus in Cats?

1.Vaccination

Vaccination is one of the most effective means of preventing feline herpesvirus. It is recommended that the feline III vaccination (comprising feline herpesvirus, feline cup virus and feline distemper virus) be started at 6 weeks of age and repeated every 3-4 weeks until 16 weeks of age. Annual vaccinations are given thereafter to maintain immunity.

2.Keep the environment clean

Keeping the cat's living environment clean and hygienic, and regularly disinfecting the cat's toys, litter box, litter tray and other items can effectively reduce the spread of the virus. 

3.Avoid contact with the source of infection

Avoid your cat coming into contact with other cats that have been infected with the herpes virus, especially when the cat's immunity is low. If a cat at home is infected with the herpes virus, it should be isolated immediately to prevent the virus from spreading to other cats. 

4.Balanced Nutrition

Provide nutritionally balanced food to enhance the cat's immunity. Foods rich in antioxidant vitamins such as vitamin A, C and E, which help to strengthen your cat's immune system, can be added. 

5.Reduce stress

Cats are sensitive to environmental changes and are prone to stress. Try to keep your cat's living environment as stable as possible, and avoid situations such as frequent moves, changing owners or introducing new pets. If these changes must be made, give the cat enough time to adapt. 

6.Regular medical check-ups

Take your cat to the pet hospital for regular medical check-ups, including checking the eyes, mouth, respiratory tract and other parts susceptible to viruses. The medical checkups can detect potential health problems in time and prevent the infection or activation of the herpes virus in cats. 

Through the above preventive measures, the risk of herpes virus infection in cats can be greatly reduced and the health of cats can be safeguarded.

FAQs

What is the life expectancy of a cat with herpes?

Conclusion

Feline herpes is a common but manageable condition in cats. By understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options, you can provide the best care for your furry friend. If you suspect your cat has herpes or is experiencing a flare-up, consult your veterinarian for proper diagnosis and treatment. With the right care, most cats with herpes can live happy, healthy lives.